Motivation

Energy policies are promoting distributed energy resources such as energy efficiency, distributed generation (DG), energy storage devices, and renewable energy resources (RES), increasing the number of DG installations and especially variable output (only partly controllable) sources like wind power, solar, small hydro and combined heat and power.

Intermittent generation like wind can cause problems in grids, in physical balances and in adequacy of power.

Thus, there are two goals for integrating distributed energy resources locally and globally: network management point of view and energy market objectives.

Solutions to decrease the problems caused by the variable output of intermittent resources are to add energy storages into the system, create more flexibility on the supply side to mitigate supply intermittency and load variation, and to increase flexibility in electricity consumption. Combining the different characteristics of these resources is essential in increasing the value of distributed energy resources in the bulk power system and in the energy market.

This Task is focusing on the aspects of this integration.

Participation

Austria, Finland, France, India, Italy, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA, Copper Alliance.

Task duration:

Phase 1
September 2007– September 2008

Phase 2
March 2010 – February 2012

Phase 3
February 2014 – February 2016

Contacts

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Workshops

Phase 1

Workshop – Petten, Netherlands

A public workshop was arranged in Petten, Netherlands, July 9, 2008.

For the Agenda of the workshop click HERE

For the participants and summary of the workshop click HERE

Opening
Welcome at ECN – René Kamphuis, ECN

Introduction to IEA DSM and Task XVII
Introduction – Seppo Kärkkäinen, VTT, Operating Agent

Driving forces and status in selected countries

Integration of DSM, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy sources and Energy Storages Issues in the Spanish system – Carlos Madina, Labein

IEA DSM Task XVII Integration of DSM, DG, RES and ES in Austria – Matthias Stifter, Arsenal Research (presented by Corentin Evens, VTT)

DG-RES transition technologies and the role of flexibility – René Kamphuis, ECN

ITM Electric vehicles and heat pumps providing flexibility to facilitate
integration of large amounts of intermittent renewables – Frans Nieuwenhout, ECN

DER Status of Korea – Seungchan Chan, KEMCO

International activities in integration

IEA R, D&D WIND: Tasks 24/25 summary – Hannele Holttinen, VTT (presented by Seppo Kärkkäinen, VTT)

IEA ENARD ANNEX II DG System Integration in Distribution Networks – Helfried Brunner, Arsenal Research (presented by Seppo Kärkkäinen, VTT)

RESPOND project – Frits van Oostvorn, ECN

IEA DSM Task XVII Findings

Content of the State of the Art report – Seppo Kärkkäinen, VTT

Policy, regulation, market in participating countries – Seppo Kärkkäinen, VTT

Pilots and case studies review – Corentin Evens, VTT

Tools for analyzing DR, DG and storage integration – Jussi Ikäheimo, VTT

What is needed in the future to improve integration?

Round table discussion and feedback

Remarks @ workshop ECN Petten – Albert van der Molen, STEDIN^.NET

Workshop – Seoul, Korea

A public workshop on “Today and Tomorrow for DER in Korea” was arranged in Seoul, Korea, on the 9th of September, 2008, in connection with the Task XVII Expert meeting.

The workshop included the following presentations:

Session 1: International Trends and Experiences

Findings and deliverables of IEA Demand Side Management Programme Task 17 – Seppo Kärkkäinen, Operating Agent

Application of DG-RES (u-CHP,PV) and demand response survey in the Netherlands – René Kamphuis, ECN, Netherlands

Integration of DSM, Distributed Generation, Renewables and Energy Storage Issues in the Spanish System – Raul Rodriguez, Labein-Tecnalia, Spain

Supporting and integrating RE-Electricity in Italy: the GSE experience – Giancarlo Scorsoni, GSE, Italy

Session 2: Korean DER potential and opportunities

DER status abd the way forward in Korea – Seungchan Chang, KEMCO, Korea

Reneable Energy Characteristics on Korean Electricity Market –
Ho-hyeon Yun, Korea Power eXchange, Korea

Frequency Shift Acceleration Control for Anti-islanding of a Distributed Generator – Seul-ki Kim, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Korea

Phase 2

Workshop – Sophia Antipolis, France

A public workshop was arranged in Sophia Antipolis on 18^th of May 2011 in the connection of the expert meeting by Task XVII and ADEME.

For the Agenda of the workshop click here

The workshop included the following presentations

Block 1: Presentation of the Task XVII and the preliminary results of the subtask 5

General overview of Task XVII – Seppo Kärkkäinen, Operating Agent, Elektraflex, Finland

Austria: Current situation an future scenarios to integrate DSM – Matthias Stifter and Sawsan Henein, AIT Energy Department, Austria

Micro-CHP and Electric Vehicles in Austria – Rusbeh Rezania, TU Wien, Austria

Heat pumps and other DER technologies in Finland – Samuli Honkapuro, LUT (presenter: Göran Koreneff, VTT), Finland

ERDF Smart Metering – Jean-Christophe Delvallet, ERDF, France

Micro-CHP in the Netherlands – René Kamphuis, TNO/ECN, the Netherlands

Photovoltaic in Spain – Miguel Ordiales, Red Eléctrica de España, Spain (to be added)

Block 2: New results of ongoing or just finished case studies related to the integration

E-Energy project: E-DeMa – Sabine Kreutz, Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany

Modelling the effects of integration in the eTelligence project – Dierk Bauknecht and Dr. Matthias Koch, Öko-Institut e.V. Freiburg, Germany

ADDRESS Energy Box – Maarten Hommelberg, VITO, Belgium

Power Matching City, Integral fieldtest A – René Kamphuis, TNO/ECN, the Netherlands

ERDF Smartgrid Projects – Jean-Christophe Delvallet, ERDF, France

Block 3: Stakeholder involvement, business models and ICT

Microgeneration and new end-use technologies in ADDRESS, INCA and SEESGEN-ICT – Jussi Ikäheimo, VTT, Finland

Smart Charging in progress, a holistic approach towards a plural faceted topic – André Postma, Enexis, the Netherlands:

ICT for the Smart Grid and its Last Mile – Hans Akkermans, The Network Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

ICT opportunities in future Smart Grids – Pekka Wirtanen Nokia-Siemens, Finland

Smart Grid Data Aggregation – Patrick Pipet, Schneider Electric, France

Workshop – Arnhem, the Netherlands

The final public workshop hosted by Alliander was arranged in Arnhem, the Netherlands, 25th of April 2012

For the Agenda of the workshop click here

Introduction Alliander

Marcel van Hest, “short introduction of Alliander”

Harry van Breen, Alliander, “Sense and Nonsense of Smartgrids for integration of DG-RES, DR and storage”

Block 1: Present state of the IEA-project Seppo Karkkainen/Jussi Ikaheimo

Seppo Kärkkäinen, Elektraflex, “Evaluation of demand response, DG-RES and storage technologies”

Jussi Ikäheimo, VTT, “Stakeholders and their roles”

Block 2: DER testing, operation and planning

Samuli Honkapuro and Jussi Tuunanen, Lappeenranta University of Technology: ”Impact of DER for planning and operation of electricity distribution grid and business”

Raphael Caire, Grenoble Institute of Technology/G2ELAB, “PREDIS: A smartgrid experimental test bed platform – practical example of self healing demonstration”

Asier Moltó Llovet, “Spanish most relevant SmartGrid demonstration projects”

Alfons Lansink, MS Livelab, “A living lab for the distribution grid”

Matthias Stifter, AIT: “Integration of RES on MV/LV networks , some experiences from field tests and current projects”

Block 3: Smart Electricity Ecosystems and Markets

Marcel van Hest, Alliander: “Building an innovation eco system”

Representative of Cybergrid, “European Demand Response Center Project (EDRC)’’

George Huitema, TNO/NL: “The EU-FP7 EcoGrid project on the Isle of Bornholm”

Nouredine Hadjsaid, Grenoble Institute of Technology/G2ELAB: “GREENLYS, a large system view French Pilot project on Smartgrids”.

René Kamphuis, TNO/NL: “New use cases in the PowerMatchingCity-II project in Hoogkerk, the Netherlands”

Block 4: EV Integration

Gaizka Alberdi, EDF R&D, “Managing the impact of EV on the distribution network by use of Demand Response: The INTERPROJECT, a practical example”

Rusbeh Razania, TU Wien: “EV business models- Participation of EVs in control energy markets and the second life potential”

André Postma, Enexis Innovation: “Deployment of the charging infrastructure for vehicles in the Netherlands”

Wilfred Smith, Alliander, ”The voice of the customer“

Phase 3

Workshop – Graz, Austria

20 May 2014

SUMMARY – Review on the Workshop on DSM: Potentials, Implementations and Experiences

Introduction Bletterie, Stifter

Benoît Bletterie, AIT – Workshop on DSM: Potentials, Implementations and Experiences

Matthias Stifter, AIT – IEA DSM Task 17: Integration of DSM, DG, RES and ES (Phase 3)

Block 1: DSM potentials of buildings

Georg Siegel, AIT – Buildings as interactive participants in Smart Grids: a demonstration project for DSM

Michael Wedler, B.A.U.M. Consult – Load flexibility in small and medium enterprises and criteria for successfully enabling them

Michael Schmidthaler, JKU – Load shifting in homes, industry and communities

Werner Ziel, SIEMENS – What can the industry provide to enable DSM in buildings

Block 2: DSM for distribution networks

Suryanarayana Doolla, IIT India – Current Status and potentials in India

René Kamphuis, TNO – Power Matching City II, Demonstration of multi-objective optimization in a living lab

Matthias Galus, BFE – A Swiss perspective of DSM for electricity networks – Overview of ongoing projects

Block 3: DSM for market participation

Florian Judex, AIT – Quantifying the demand shift on the basis of statistical methods – first evaluation from the project EcoGrid EU

Giannopoulos Georgios, ELIA – Analysis of the European Framework for Balancing Power – opportunities and new trends identified within the EcoGrid EU project

Jan Segerstam, Empower – Smart Grids and Energy Markets

Alexander Lurf, Cybergrid – eBADGE – Integrating the European electricity market

Steve Widegren, PNNL – Residential real-time pricing experience

Block 4: DSM and Electric Vehicles

Markus Radauer, Salzburg Netz – Smart Grids Model Region Salzburg: Implementation and experiences of controlled e-car charging

Christoph Maier, TU-Wien ESEA – Active DSM by forecasting

Workshop – IEE PowerTech Eindhoven 2015: Demand Flexibility – Dream or Reality

Workshop Programme

Introduction – Matthias Stifter, René Kamphuis

Block 1: Theoretical foundations and simulations

Roman Targosz (Copper Alliance Europe) – Mapping Flexibility of Power Systems

Copper Alliance and Ecofys have been involved in a joint study on flexibility in power systems. A new overview clarifies the flexibility needs for the transition to power systems with very high penetration levels of variable renewable energy sources (VRES). The talk provides a comprehensive assessment of the complete spectrum of flexibility options and identifies key barriers for their deployment.

Matthias Gallus (Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE) – DSM in Switzerland – Possible Coordination of Networks and Markets

The coordination of flexibility (load, production, storage) for markets and networks at the same time is a complex task. Switzerland is looking into solutions, which offer a large playing field for markets and competition. Of interest are topics such as benefits for markets, networks and total social welfare, dynamic innovation, data exchange, processes for markets and non-discriminatory access.

Tara Esterl (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology) – Load Flexibility in small and medium enterprises and criteria for successfully enabling them.

In the project hybrid-VPP4DSO DR-components in Austria and Slovenia are studied regarding their flexibility potential and their willingness to provide their flexibility. Potential business models and business cases are investigated to make use of this flexibility in different markets. Furthermore, the impact on the grids is analyzed and how this flexibility can relieve the grids in critical situations. Hybrid solutions – serving both markets and grids – are challenging regarding unbundling requirements, but have the highest priority of the project.

Stephen Galsworthy (TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research) – Valuing Flexibility in power systems: the ValueFlex project

The VALUEFLEX project aims at developing services able to give to utilities and grid operators a better understanding of the value of electricity flexibility. These services are based on a comprehensive set of simulation tooling (the Toolbox) that allows companies to analyse the economic and technical feasibility of demand response services.

Steve Widergren (PNNL, USA) – Buildings Equipment Connectivity Interoperability for Energy Applications

Buildings automation can become a major contributor for providing flexibility services to the electric grid and greater overall energy efficiency, but the vast majority of facilities (at least in the USA) are not prepared to easily coordinate with the grid even if an flexibility signal was available. Efforts are underway to advance interoperability of connected building equipment to bring down integration costs and enable buildings to be more efficient and flexible users of energy.

Block 2: Realized Demand Response

Arnoud Rijnevald (Stedin) and Marijn Renting (Enexis, the Netherlands) – Field test verified flexibility options from a DSM perspective

Flexibility is an upcoming theme for DSOs. Some insights and first results of current test beds, of the Dutch DSOs Stedin and Enexis, which explore demand side management will be shared. Also, questions that still need to be answered in the Netherlands regarding DSM by DSOs, will be addressed.

Elke Klaassen (Enexis, the Netherlands) – Flexibility and Cost Benefit Analysis of the PowerMatchingCity-II Living Lab in Hoogkerk the Netherlands

Based on the results of the Dutch smart grid pilot PowerMatching City phase-II (45 house holds), we try to answer the question: what are the potential benefits of a large-scale implementation of PowerMatching City phase-II in the Netherlands? To do so, the measured data from the pilot was used to quantify the flexibility of the smart appliances (i.e. micro-CHPs, heat pumps and electric vehicles). Consequently, this flexibility is used as input for a model that represents the Dutch power system. To quantify the benefits both the energy market value and the grid value are assessed, using basic energy market simulations and load balance calculations respectively.

Daniel Brodén (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) – Demand response in the Smart Grid Gotland project

This talk presents preliminary results and studies from the Smart Grid Gotland Project. The focus of the talk is on subproject (i) wind power integration and (ii) market test and installation. Results from subproject (i) include simulation results on demand-response potential for congestion management. Results from subproject (ii) include lessons learned from an actual demand-response implementation and survey results on customer satisfaction.

Matthias Stifter (Austrian Institute of Technology) – Flexibility analysis and implications of the real time market concept of EcoGrid.

One of the possible approaches to implement demand response is using a real-time market. Within the EcoGrid project, a real-time market place for distributed energy resources was implemented in a demonstration on the island of Bornholm in Denmark with considerable customer involvement. Flexibility and volume of demand response activated by real-time price signals will be discussed.

Werner Friedl (Austrian Institute of Technology) – Regulatory Recommendations of the Deployment of Flexibility

The report “Regulatory Recommendations for the Deployment of Flexibility“ focuses on flexibility from distributed resources, including demand side participation, and seeks to identify flexibility services, relevant value chains, but also the necessary commercial and market arrangements, while it answers the question on how different actors can be incentivised to provide and use flexibility. Finally, concrete recommendations are provided to the European Commission, to policy makers and stakeholders, for removing regulatory barriers and incentivising the uptake of flexibility from distributed resources.

Panel Discussion

IEA Symposium on Demand Flexibility and RES Integration (Smart Grids Week 2016)

Linz, Austria

Demand side flexibility is needed in order to effectively integrate renewables and distributed generation in the future energy system. The enabling of flexibility involves many different aspects – from the technical capabilities of equipment (e.g. heat-pumps, storages, photovoltaic systems), consumer behavior to aggregation for market participation – and will lead to new services for the energy system. These aspects are targeted by various technology collaboration programs of the International Energy Agency (IEA). Experts from these energy technology initiatives will discuss recent research results, technology options and international activities together with academics, distribution network operators and representatives from industry.

Keynotes

IEA International Energy Agency Luis Munuera – IEA Smart Grids Technology Lead (IEA, Paris)
Demand Side Management: Towards Energy Efficiency Rob Kool – IEA DSM Chair (RVO – Netherlands Enterprise Agency)

Technology and Equipment Flexibility

Heap Pump Program Annex 42 – Smart Heatpumps for enabling demand flexibility Dennis Mosterd (BDH, The Netherlands)
The main focus of the Annex will be on arranging the information on heat pumping technologies in such a way that it will lead to better understanding of the opportunities and using these in the right way in order to reduce the use of primary energy consumption and the CO2-emissions as well as energy costs.

Energy Conservation Energy Storage Annex 28 – DESIRE – Distributed Energy Storage for the Integration of Renewable Energies Andreas Hauser (ZAE Bayern, Germany)
Energy Conservation through Energy Storage” TCP focuses on the overall storage properties/characteristics and their impact for the integration and utilization of renewable energies. In this context the focus shall move from large, central, most cost effective energy storage technologies like pumped hydro, to the potential of small, distributed energy storage technologies. The main question of the Annex is, what can be the contribution of distributed energy storage to the integration of renewable energies in future energy systems?

Solar Heating & Cooling Task 53 – Integration of Solar Energy at the demand side Tim Selke (AIT, Austria)
The main objective of this Task is to assist a strong and sustainable market development of solar PV or new innovative thermal cooling systems. It is focusing on solar driven systems for both cooling (ambient and food conservation) and heating (ambient and domestic hot water).

Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Task 28 – Electric Vehicle as domestic electric storage: vehicle to home Cristina Corchero (IREC, Spain)
The first objective of the IA-HEV Task 28 “Home Grids and V2X Technologies” is to analyse the technical and economic viability of V2X technology and, specifically, the potential synergies with self-generated electricity in households. In the talk some international demonstration projects will be presented including identification of technical and economic gaps and regulatory issues addressed within the Task.

Building Flexibility

Energy in Buildings & Communities Annex 58 – Data-driven models for DSM in buildings Peder Bacher (DTU, Denmark)
A key component for enabling control of energy systems for DSM are good models, which are able to automatically adapt to the local conditions for the particular system. Therefore they must be driven from sensor data and hence without the need for humans spend time on tuning and maintaining them. The best models for such applications rely on a combination of physical and statistical knowledge. During the work of IEA Annex 58 a range of such models and selection techniques, covering different needs and time scales, has been developed. This talk will give an introduction to the methodologies together with a presentation of a range of applications.

Energy in Buildings & Communities Annex 58 – Characterization of Building Energy Performance involving Building Automation and Smart Grid Technologies Susanne Metzger (TU Wien, Austria)
The objective of IEA Annex 58 is to advance the knowledge on characterization of building energy performance based on reliable measurements in full-scale assemblies. Some information for this purpose could be generated by building automation systems and smart meters installed in homes and buildings. Related field procedures would have to be based on both, information available in systems and components, and quality aspects regarding data access and handling in the field. In this presentation, the current state-of-the-art and general principles of home and building automation systems relevant in this context will be reviewed. In conclusion from this technology review, solutions emphasizing integrated communication systems hold the promise to minimize efforts for data acquisition in the field. Examples from field validations in the areas of building energy performance and smart grid optimization will serve to illustrate current applications of the acquired knowledge.

Energy in Buildings & Communities Annex 67 – Towards zero-energy districts Glenn Reynders (KU Leuven, Belgium)
With an increasing penetration of distributed and intermittent renewable energy sources in an energy efficient building environment, demand-side flexibility and energy-exchange between different actuators show significant potential to further increase the energy efficiency on a district level while avoiding potential grid stability issues. An important source of demand-side flexibility is identified to be the embedded thermal mass of building. By intelligent, active control of the indoor temperature this thermal mass can be activated to support such demand-response programs.
To exploit this potential, a reliable method to describe the energy state of buildings and their installations is essential. In this lecture, on the one hand a bottom-up, multi-domain simulation framework to assess the impact on a neighbourhood level of energy efficiency measures taken at the individual building level is presented. On the other hand, a generic characterization method is shown to assess the potential for active demand response using the thermal mass for new as well as existing buildings.

System Flexibility & Customer driven New Energy Services
ISGAN Annex 6 Using distribution connected flexibility to improve T&D system operation Anthony Zegers (AIT, Austria)
Distribution connected flexibility is expected to play an important role in future grid operation. This will require an ever closer cooperation between Transmission System Operators and Distribution System Operators. ISGAN Annex 6 investigated the current interaction between TSOs and DSOs and identified possible future ways of cooperation.

Demand Side Management Task 25 – Business Models for a more effective market update of DSM energy services Reinhard Ungerböck (gea, Austria)
This Task will focus on identifying and creating effective business models providing viable DSM value propositions that lead to the growth of the demand market for energy efficiency. In addition, this Task will focus on identifying and supporting the creation of energy ecosystems in which these business models can succeed.

Demand Side Management Task 17 – Transactive Energy for Distributed Resource Integration Steve Widergren (PNNL, USA)
This presentation will cover a definition of Transactive Energy (TE), and characteristics of a TE design, the type of problems that TES are designed to address, the trends in automation and multi-agent systems.  It will also include a review of US and EU field demonstrations showing that TE techniques are real.

Demand Side Management Task 17 Integrating the Customer – Demand Side Flexibility René Kamphuis (TNO, The Netherlands) and Matthias Stifter (AIT, Austria)
In this presentation the context and motivation of Task 17 is presented. Current developements for integration of renewables with demand side flexibility are explained by means of sucessful demonstration examples. Preliminary results and conclusions are outlined.

Phase 4 workshop: Responsive consumers and value of flexibility

Venue: FPS Economy (North Gate III B building, bvd du Roi Albert II 16, 1000 Brussels) (room 5B 52-54, 5th floor)

Program

Chair: Prof.Dr.Ir. Geert Deconinck (KU Leuven)

09:30 – 10:00 Welcome coffee

10:00 – 10:15 Introduction to the IEA DSM Programme, presented by François Brasseur (FPS Economy)

10:15 – 11:00 Introduction on phases 1-3 of Task 17 and presentation of the new Phase 4, presented by Anna Kosek (TNO)

Session 1: Value of flexibility

11:00 – 11:30 Talk 1: Fast transitions, slow solutions: a Flexibility Tracker to measure progress, presented by Edwin Haesen (Ecofys)

11:30 – 12:00 Talk 2: Market model for the transfer of energy, presented by Geert Van Hauwermelren (CREG)

12:00 – 13:00 Lunch

Session 2: Perspective on data: prosumer demand and flexibility forecasting

13:00 – 13:30 Talk 3: TSO – DSO cooperation  in respect to data exchange for flexibility, presented by Anna Tsiokanos (Elia)

13:30 – 14:00 Talk 4: The active consumer – a key player to unlock a carbon free future, presented by Dieter Jong (Anode)

14:00 – 14:30 Talk 5: New actors & roles in the electricity system in transition, presented by Pauline Ottoy (VREG)

Session 3: User participation and bevioural change

14:30 – 15:00 Talk 6: The user, playing a central role in demand response programs, presented by Pieter Vingerhoets (EnergyVille)

15:00 – 15:30 Talk 7: Collective consumption of local production: why users would participate? presented by Grégoire Wallenborn (ULB – IGEAT)

Session 4: Transactive energy and energy collectives in Europe

15:30 – 16:00 Talk 8: How transactive energy will enable citizen communities to support the public grid, presented by Vincent Dierickx (REScoop.eu/EnergieID)

16:00 – 17:00 Discussion on flexible demand and responsive prosumer networks (open to all participants) Chair: Prof.Dr.Ir. Geert Deconinck (KU Leuven)

17:00 – 17:30 Wrap-up, Geert Deconinck/Anna Kosek

Publications

Phase 1

Final Synthesis Report Vol 1. – Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storages

Final Synthesis Report Vol 2. – Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storages

Phase 2

Task 17:  Subtask 5 Report No. 1 – Full electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles from the power system perspective 

Task 17:  Subtask 5 Report No. 2 – Micro-CHP technologies for distributed generation

Task 17:  Subtask 5 Report No. 3 – Heat pumps for cooling and heating

Task 17: Subtask 5 Report N0. 4 – Photovoltaics at customer premises

Task 17: Subtask 5 Report No. 5 – Smart metering

Task 17: Subtask 7 Report – Stakeholders involved in the deployment of micro generation and new end-use technologies

Task 17: Subtask 9 – Summary and Conclusions

Task 17: Phase 3 Flyer

Phase 3

Task 17: Subtask 10: Roles and Potentials of Flexible Consumers and Prosumers – Overview of roles, technology characteristics and potentials.

Task 17: Subtask 11: Valuation Analysis of Residential Demand Side Flexibility – Analysis of business cases and existing valuation frameworks.

Task 17: Subtask 12: Best Practices and Lessons Learned – Collection of demonstration projects and country specific background information

Task 17: Subtask 13: Conclusion and Recommendations – Reflects the summary of Task 17 with conclusions and recommendations.