Ainslee Emerson
Chair
March 2026
The past year has been one of continued growth, deepened collaboration, and increasing policy relevance for the Users TCP. As energy systems evolve at pace, the importance of understanding and integrating user behaviour into policy and system design has never been clearer. Our work over 2025/26 demonstrates both the maturity of our programme and the growing demand for behavioural insights across the international energy community.
Looking back on the past year, a standout theme is impact, across our member countries and beyond. This year’s report highlights some of the ways that our members have benefitted from international collaboration, from programme implementation in New Zealand, to the development of standards to plan, deliver and evaluate energy behaviour programme in Canada and the piloting of peer-to-peer energy trading in California. A standout impact this year has been the uptake of the Users TCP Behavioural Insights Policy Toolkit as one of the foundations for the European Commission’s new Energy Behaviour Forum. This initiative marks a significant step forward in embedding evidence-based behavioural approaches into municipal policy making across Europe, and is a clear signal that our work is influencing decision-making at the highest levels.
We continue to evolve our research programme. This year saw the successful completion of two major Tasks. The GO P2P Task has advanced our understanding of local energy markets (LEMs), highlighting both their potential benefits and the complexity of designing models that work across diverse contexts. The Task’s Case Study Repository is a great resource for policy makers looking to support community energy projects and the integration of LEMs. Meanwhile, the EmPOWERing All Task has shed critical light on gender and energy, underlining the need for better data, more inclusive design processes, and a shift away from entrenched biases within the energy system. I am delighted that the Task began a second phase last year on this important topic.
We expanded our research portfolio with three new Tasks and projects last year, reflecting emerging priorities and opportunities in the energy transition, including inclusivity, system integration, and the role of users in delivering flexibility. Public engagement is a central theme across our new work, with new phases of our Tasks on the social license to automate, focused on flexible energy use, and energy transition infrastructure, this time looking into how to engage on hydrogen, carbon capture and advanced nuclear installations. At the same time, our Users TCP Academy continues to thrive, with monthly webinars and now offering more than 100 recordings, accessible via our dedicated platform. This growing repository of knowledge is an important resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners alike.
Meanwhile, our Executive Committee (ExCo) launched a new project on heat decarbonisation narratives which explores how communication and framing can accelerate change in how households heat and cool their homes, an area that lies at the heart of many households’ daily lives. Our ExCo projects are a great way of doing rapid evidence assessments, generating insights for policy makers and open the door for future research. Our joint project with the 4E TCP on appliance flexibility delivery capability has further reinforced a central message: while technical potential is significant, behavioural factors are crucial in determining real-world outcomes. This insight provides a strong foundation for policymakers seeking to unlock demand-side flexibility.
Collaboration remains at the heart of our activities. We were proud to co-organise the BEHAVE conference in December 2025, supporting the EnR network and the French Ecological Agency, ADEME, reaffirming BEHAVE’s position as Europe’s leading forum on energy behaviour. Our partnerships with other TCPs, the IEA Secretariat, and organisations such as J-PAL and EnR have enabled us to extend our reach and ensure that behavioural insights are integrated across a wide range of energy topics.
Our membership remains stable, with continued engagement from a diverse group of countries. While we note with regret the withdrawal of Australia, we are pleased to welcome the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) as a new sponsor, consolidating our network in North America and strengthening our links with the energy industry; the design and implementation of user-centred utility programmes are key elements of equitable energy transitions.
Looking ahead, the pipeline of new work is both ambitious and timely. Planned Tasks on energy behaviour systems mapping, targeted energy poverty interventions and mis/disinformation reflect the evolving landscape of the energy transition. Our next ExCo project will explore the balance between regulation and incentives in accessing end-use flexibility, and we will consider next steps building on our successful collaboration on appliance flexibility.
As Chair, I am continually encouraged by the commitment and expertise of our members, sponsors, and participants. The Users TCP is uniquely positioned to bridge the gap between technical potential and human reality. By keeping users at the centre of the energy transition, we can help ensure that it is not only efficient and effective, but also fair and inclusive.
I would like to thank all those who have contributed to our work over the past year and look forward to another year of impactful collaboration.
Ainslee Emerson
Chair
March 2026
As Chair, I am continually encouraged by the commitment and expertise of our members, sponsors, and participants.
Three Users TCP initiatives completed in 2025/26, here are their conclusions:
GO P2P (Global observatory on peer-to-peer energy trading, community self-consumption
and transactive energy models)
GO P2P (Global observatory on peer-to-peer energy trading, community self-consumption
and transactive energy models)
Appliance flexibility delivery capability (Joint research project with 4E TCP)
We launched four new initiatives:
The Users TCP’s Behavioural Insights Policy Toolkit was used as the basis of Energy Behavioural Change Toolkit: a new resource developed by the Energy Behaviour Forum, a European Commission initiative aimed at helping municipal policy makers make evidence-based decisions informed by behavioural science.
We co-organised the 2025 BEHAVE conference, the premier biennial energy behaviour conference in Europe from Users TCP partners, EnR, this time lead by ADEME, the French Ecological Agency.
Phase 3 of the Social License to Automate Task commences
We are active participants in cross-TCP coordination groups and seek out opportunities for joint research.
We continue to work closely with the IEA secretariat across a number of areas:
In 2025 our communications included 27 publications, 18 events organised by the TCP (with over 1000 participants), 29 external events where our work was presented and over 600 individual representatives participating in the TCP.
In the five years of our last mandate period (2019 – 2024), the average total cost to fund the work of both the TCP and Tasks was 875,000 EURO per annum. This funding is derived both from cash and in-kind contributions from our member countries in the form of membership fees and substantial in-kind work from national experts and research groups.
2025 is the first year of our new mandate period (2025 – 2030) and we already have a strong pipeline of new Tasks.
Our Tasks operate as either cost-shared or task-shared. Of the total budget 86% of the funding goes directly to substantive activities of the Tasks or TCP projects directed by our members. The balance is split between Communications and Outreach (3%) and Administration of the TCP (11%). There is some variation year on year as some Tasks only run for one or two years, while others cover the full five
year term.
Narratives of climate inaction undermining public support for low-carbon futures
PRESENTER(S): Christina Demski, University of Bath and Catherine Cherry, Cardiff University/University of Edinburgh
A systems approach to understanding susceptibility to mis/disinformation
PRESENTER(S): Dr Moira Nicolson, UK Cabinet Office and UCL Honorary Research Fellow
From Research to Practice: Insights from the Global Observatory on Peer-to-Peer Trading, Transactive Energy, and Collective Self-Consumption
PRESENTER(S): Anna Gorbatcheva, Users TCP GO-P2P Task Leader
Unintended Consequences – When energy interventions don’t turn out the way they were intended
PRESENTER(S): Dr Sea Rotmann, Users TCP Hard-to-Reach Energy Users Task Leader
Evaluating EV and Heat Pump Flexibility Potential: Linking Technology, Economy, Regulation, Behaviour and Policy
PRESENTER(S): Regina Hemm, Viktoria Ilyés & Hu Bin, Austrian Institute of Technology
Why Context Matters: A Multilevel Analysis of Sustainable Behaviours and Policy Transfer Opportunities Across OECD Countries
PRESENTER(S): Guanyu (Maggie) Yang, University College London & Amy Rodger, University of Edinburgh
How engineers think about building occupants
PRESENTER(S): Liam O’Brien, EBC TCP Operating Agent
2025 IEA Energy Efficiency Market Report
PRESENTER(S): Lucas Boehlé, IEA energy efficiency analyst
Introduction to the Energy Behaviour Forum and Behavioural Insights Toolkit
PRESENTER(S): Alice Rayner, Energy Saving Trust, UK
Tipping the Balance: how governments can modernise their tax and levy policies to improve the economics of heat pump take-up
PRESENTER(S): Dr Richard Lowes, Regulatory Assistance Project
All member countries form the Executive Committee of the Users TCP with one voting delegate from each country. This voting group is overseen by the Executive Steering Committee (ESC), during 2025/26 the office bearers were:
In addition the Head of Secretariat, Samuel Thomas, and Secretariat Support, Vikki Searancke make up the members of the ESC.
The ESC is supported by a Finance sub-committee.
In June 2025 the United States nominated new delegates. Mr Jay Wrobel from the US Department of Energy became the new primary delegate, and Ms Kira Ashby from the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) took on the alternate delegate role.
Ms Catherine Marchand (Natural Resources Canada) became the new alternate delegate for Canada in November 2025, replacing Ms Natalie Irwin.
Ms Hanne Knight (University of Plymouth) became the new alternate delegate for the United Kingdom, replacing Mr David Shipworth (UCL).
Switzerland nominated Mr Hannes Tobler to be the new primary delegate from December 2025 with Mr Markus Bareit taking over as alternate delegate, both from the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE).
The Korea Energy Agency nominated new delegates for Korea in February 2026. Mr Byoung-muk Lim as the primary delegate and Ms Hyun-a Eom as alternate delegate.
The following delegates retired in 2025 and were not replaced:
A full list of member delegates at February 2026 is shown in Attachment 1.
| Austria | |
| Primary |
Ms Tara Esterl (Vice-Chair)
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology |
| Alternate |
Ms Sabine Mitter
Federal Ministry of Climate,
Environment, Energy, Mobility,
Innovation and Technology (BMK) |
| Belgium | |
| Primary |
Mr François Brasseur
Federal Public Service Economy,
SPF Economie |
| Alternate |
Mr Geert Deconinck
KU Leuven – ESAT/Electa |
| Canada | |
| Primary |
Ms Ainslee Emerson (Chair)
Natural Resources Canada |
| Alternate |
Ms Catherine Marchand
Natural Resources Canada |
| Finland | |
| Primary |
Ms Karin Wikman
Business Finland |
| Ireland | |
| Primary |
Ms Hannah Julienne
Sustainable Energy
Authority of Ireland |
| Alternate |
Mr Ciarán Lavin Sustainable Energy
Authority of Ireland |
| Italy | |
| Primary |
Mr Simone Maggiore
Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico
(RSE S.p.A.) |
| the Netherlands | |
| Primary |
Ms Gerdien de Weger (Vice-Chair)
Netherlands Enterprise Agency |
| Alternate |
Ms Franka Beijers
Netherlands Enterprise Agency |
| New Zealand | |
| Primary |
Mr Lorenz Magaard-Romano
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment |
| Norway | |
| Primary |
Mr Tomas Skjølsvold
Norwegian University of Science
and Technology |
| Alternate |
Mr Tor Brekke
ENOVA SF |
| Republic of Korea | |
| Primary |
Mr Byoung-muk Lim
Korea Energy Agency |
| Alternate |
Ms Hyun-a Eom
Korea Energy Agency |
| Sweden | |
| Primary |
Ms Réka Andersson
The Swedish Energy Agency |
| Alternate |
Ms Helena Karresand
The Swedish Energy Agency |
| Switzerland | |
| Primary |
Mr Hannes Tobler
Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) |
| Alternate |
Mr Markus Bareit
Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) |
| United Kingdom | |
| Primary |
Ms Emma Claydon
Department for Energy Security
& Net Zero |
| Alternate |
Ms Hanne Knight
University of Plymouth |
| United States | |
| Primary |
Jay Wrobel
US Department of Energy
& Net Zero |
| Alternate |
Kira Ashby
Consortium for Energy Efficiency |
| Austria | |
| Primary |
Ms Tara Esterl (Vice-Chair)
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology |
| Alternate |
Ms Sabine Mitter
Federal Ministry of Climate,
Environment, Energy, Mobility,
Innovation and Technology (BMK) |
| Belgium | |
| Primary |
Mr François Brasseur
Federal Public Service Economy,
SPF Economie |
| Alternate |
Mr Geert Deconinck
KU Leuven – ESAT/Electa |
| Canada | |
| Primary |
Ms Ainslee Emerson (Chair)
Natural Resources Canada |
| Alternate |
Ms Catherine Marchand
Natural Resources Canada |
| Finland | |
| Primary |
Ms Karin Wikman
Business Finland |
| Ireland | |
| Primary |
Ms Hannah Julienne
Sustainable Energy
Authority of Ireland |
| Alternate |
Mr Ciarán Lavin Sustainable Energy
Authority of Ireland |
| Italy | |
| Primary |
Mr Simone Maggiore
Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico
(RSE S.p.A.) |
| the Netherlands | |
| Primary |
Ms Gerdien de Weger (Vice-Chair)
Netherlands Enterprise Agency |
| Alternate |
Ms Franka Beijers
Netherlands Enterprise Agency |
| New Zealand | |
| Primary |
Mr Lorenz Magaard-Romano
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment |
| Norway | |
| Primary |
Mr Tomas Skjølsvold
Norwegian University of Science
and Technology |
| Alternate |
Mr Tor Brekke
ENOVA SF |
| Republic of Korea | |
| Primary |
Mr Byoung-muk Lim
Korea Energy Agency |
| Alternate |
Ms Hyun-a Eom
Korea Energy Agency |
| Sweden | |
| Primary |
Ms Réka Andersson
The Swedish Energy Agency |
| Alternate |
Ms Helena Karresand
The Swedish Energy Agency |
| Switzerland | |
| Primary |
Mr Hannes Tobler
Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) |
| Alternate |
Mr Markus Bareit
Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) |
| United Kingdom | |
| Primary |
Ms Emma Claydon
Department for Energy Security
& Net Zero |
| Alternate |
Ms Hanne Knight
University of Plymouth |
| United States | |
| Primary |
Jay Wrobel
US Department of Energy
& Net Zero |
| Alternate |
Kira Ashby
Consortium for Energy Efficiency |
Workshops & Conferences (including Webinars) in 2025/26
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| February 2025 | Users TCP Academy webinar | Public | Online |
| December 2025 | Presented BI Toolkit IEA Joint Workshop at Users TCP ExCo Meeting | Members only | IEA HQ, Paris, France |
| Presented BIP flexibility trials at IEA Joint Workshop at Users TCP ExCo Meeting | Members only | IEA HQ, Paris, France | |
| BEHAVE Conference presentation | Public | IEA HQ, Paris, France |
Management/Experts Meetings in 2025/26
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| On a quarterly basis | Meetings with Task members from Sustainable Energy Authority Ireland to discuss | Online | |
| On bi-weekly basis | Meetings with Task members from Ofgem to discuss trial design in the UK | Online | |
| On bi-weekly basis | Meetings with Task members from UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero to discuss trial design in Ireland | Online | |
| On a quarterly basis | Meetings with Task members from National Resources Canada to discuss trial design in Canada | Online | |
| On a quarterly basis | Meetings with Task members from TU Delft to discuss trial design in the Netherlands | Online |
Collaborations with IEA Secretariat, Other TCP’s or International Organisations in 2025/26
| Date | Conference/Publication | Intended Audience | Location |
| December 2025 | IEA Joint Workshop at Users TCP ExCo Meeting | Policymakers | IEA HQ, Paris, France |
Activities Planned for 2026/27
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| April 2026 | Present BIP Trial findings at Users TCP Academy | ||
| April 2026 | Publish guidebook with lessons from flexibility surveys and experiments | ||
| Webinars presenting the new guidebook to policymakers in member countries |
Countries participating in this Task are Canada, Ireland, Netherlands and United Kingdom.
The Task Leaders are Jesper Akesson: jesper@thebehaviouralist.com and Ondrej Kacha:
ondrej@thebehaviouralist.com from The Behaviouralist.
Visit the Energy Sector Behavioral Insights Task website here.
Workshops & Conferences (including Webinars) in 2025/26
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| February 2025 | Users TCP Academy webinar | Public | Online |
| December 2025 | Presented BI Toolkit IEA Joint Workshop at Users TCP ExCo Meeting | Members only | IEA HQ, Paris, France |
| Presented BIP flexibility trials at IEA Joint Workshop at Users TCP ExCo Meeting | Members only | IEA HQ, Paris, France | |
| BEHAVE Conference presentation | Public | IEA HQ, Paris, France |
Management/Experts Meetings in 2025/26
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| On a quarterly basis | Meetings with Task members from Sustainable Energy Authority Ireland to discuss | Online | |
| On bi-weekly basis | Meetings with Task members from Ofgem to discuss trial design in the UK | Online | |
| On bi-weekly basis | Meetings with Task members from UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero to discuss trial design in Ireland | Online | |
| On a quarterly basis | Meetings with Task members from National Resources Canada to discuss trial design in Canada | Online | |
| On a quarterly basis | Meetings with Task members from TU Delft to discuss trial design in the Netherlands | Online |
Collaborations with IEA Secretariat, Other TCP’s or International Organisations in 2025/26
| Date | Conference/Publication | Intended Audience | Location |
| December 2025 | IEA Joint Workshop at Users TCP ExCo Meeting | Policymakers | IEA HQ, Paris, France |
Activities Planned for 2026/27
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| April 2026 | Present BIP Trial findings at Users TCP Academy | ||
| April 2026 | Publish guidebook with lessons from flexibility surveys and experiments | ||
| Webinars presenting the new guidebook to policymakers in member countries |
Countries participating in this Task are Canada, Ireland, Netherlands and United Kingdom.
The Task Leaders are Jesper Akesson: jesper@thebehaviouralist.com and Ondrej Kacha:
ondrej@thebehaviouralist.com from The Behaviouralist.
Visit the Energy Sector Behavioral Insights Task website here.
New Task (Phase 3) commenced November 2025
Countries participating in this Task are Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, United States. Australia is a Task sponsor.
The Task Leader is Selin Yilmaz: selin.yilmaz@unil.ch from University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Visit the Social License to Automate Task website here.
Publications in 2025/26
| Date | Publication | Intended Audience | Location |
| Released March 2025 | Making an inclusive and gender aware energy policy – Phase 1 position paper | Public | Online here |
| March 2025 | Task Newsletter #5 | Public | Online here |
| September 2025 | Battling exclusion in energy transitions (Phase 1 final report) | Public | Online here |
Workshops & Conferences (including Webinars) in 2025/26
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| June 2025 | Joint workshop with Hard-to Reach Task – A green and just transition in Northern Sweden – including diverse voices for energy justice | Members, business, government and local communities | Kiruna, Sweden |
| Webinar at Netherland Enterprise Agency | Dutch policymakers | Netherlands | |
| December 2025 | Behave conference | Academic, policymakers, industry | Paris, France |
Activities Planned for 2026/27
| Date | Activity | Type | Location |
| May 2026 | Meetings with national experts | Task participants | Online |
| October 2026 | Monthly hub meetings for Dutch, Austrian and Swedish national experts | ||
| Swedish national experts monthly meetings |
Countries participating in this Task are Austria, Ireland, Netherlands and Sweden.
The Task Leader is Camilla Andersson: camillaa@kth.se from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
Visit the EmPOWERing All: Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Task website here.
Publications in 2024/25
| Date | Publication | Intended Audience | Location |
| February 2025 | Expert Survey Results: Phase 2 Subtask 2 – Energy Justice Landscape & Stakeholder Analysis | Public | Online here |
| March 2025 | Unintended Consequences – When well-intentioned energy interventions don’t turn out the way they were intended (Phase 2, Subtask 2) | Members | Online here |
| September 2025 | Energy hardship programmes: A systematic cross-country policy analysis of initiatives addressing equity and low-carbon energy services | Public | Springer Nature online |
| September 2025 | Canadian Standards Association (2025). Definitions and Minimum Requirements for Energy Behaviour Programs. | Public | Online here |
Workshops & Conferences (including Webinars) in 2024/25
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| June 2025 | EnA Energy Poverty & Health webinar | Public | |
| Users Academy HTR Task Webinar | Public | ||
| Joint workshop with EmPOWERing All Task | Task members | ||
| October 2025 | Energy Resilience & Affordability Conference | Public | Summary Report here |
| November 2025 | Otago Energy Research Conference | Public | |
| December 2025 | BEHAVE conference Ashby, K., Rotmann, S., Kall, A-S. , Andersson, C., Sullivan, L., and Esty, A. (2025). Elevating Indigenous Voices in the Just Energy Transition. Kall, A-S., Rotmann, S., and Ashby, K. (2025). Mapping Unintended Consequences in Energy Transition: Beyond Good Intentions and Towards Just Outcomes. Rotmann, S., Ashby, K., Kall, A-S. (2025). Hidden Energy Users: Who Are They And Why Are They Hidden? | Public | Conference proceedings here |
Management/Experts Meetings in 2025/26
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| Quarterly | National Expert meetings | National Experts | National Expert meetings |
| Monthly | CSA Energy Behaviour Program Standards | Standard developers | CSA Energy Behaviour Program Standards |
| Quarterly | Energy Wellbeing Evaluation Consortium | NZ stakeholders | Energy Wellbeing Evaluation Consortium |
| Weekly | Community Energy Network | NZ collaborator | Community Energy Network |
| May 2025 | Electricity Authority Leadership Presentation | NZ funders | Electricity Authority Leadership Presentation |
| October 2025 | Electricity Authority Leadership Presentation | NZ funders | Electricity Authority Leadership Presentation |
| Electricity Network Association NZ | NZ stakeholders | Electricity Network Association NZ |
Collaborations with IEA Secretariat, Other TCP’s or International Organisations in 2024/25
| Date | Conference/Publication | Intended Audience | Location |
| 2025 | Uplight (2025). The Power to Adapt: Data Center Energy Management and Load Flexibility Potential. | Public | Online here |
| 2023-now | Canadian Standards Association | Standards developers | |
| 2022-now | EnA | Public | |
| 2023-now | Energy Poverty Hub | Public | |
| 2020-now | Energy Poverty Research Network | Public |
Activities Planned for 2026/27
| Date | Activity | Type |
| March 2026 | Evaluation of Sustainability Options 20 Degree Pilot | Public |
| Evaluation of ERGANZ Triage Support Pilot | ERGANZ members only | |
| April 2026 | Hidden Energy Users (3rd National Experts HTR Task workshop) | Public |
| 2026 | Hidden Hardship chapter for Energy Equity Handbook | Public |
| 2026 | Elevating Indigenous Voices in the Just Energy Transition (publication) | Public |
Countries participating in this Annex are New Zealand, Sweden and United States.
The Task Leader is Dr Sea Rotmann: drsearotmann@gmail.com from Sustainable Energy Advice Ltd, New Zealand.
Visit the Hard-to-Reach Energy Users Task website here.
Activities Planned for 2026/27
| Date | Activity | Intended Audience | Location |
| April 2026 | Public Engagement for Energy Infrastructure Task meeting | Task participants | Utrecht, Netherlands |
| April/May 2026 | Online survey | Citizens in the UK, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria | Online |
| June 30 – July 3, 2026 | 16th Conference of the Society for Ecological Economics | Researchers | Ghent, Belgium |
| June – September 2026 | Interviews with experts and social representatives | Experts and citizens in the UK, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, international | Online |
| October 2026 | Workshop with Community of Practice | Task participants, community of practice, stakeholders, the public | Online |
| November 2026 | Users TCP Academy Webinar | Task participants, community of practice, stakeholders | Online |
Countries participating in this Task are Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom.
The Task Leader is Diana Süsser: diana@ieecp.org from the European Energy and Climate Policy (IEECP).
Visit the Public Engagement for Energy Infrastructure Task website here.
Publications in 2025/26
| Date | Publication | Intended Audience | Location |
| August 2025 | Building and Environment: Beyond technology: Meeting complex multi-stakeholder challenges in the built environment | Public (researchers) | Science Direct here |
| November 2025 | Building and Environment: Do homebuyers prioritize sustainability? Examining the GHG emission impact of housing choices | Public (researchers) | Science Direct here |
| December 2025 | Energy and Buildings: Human-centric buildings for a changing climate: Introducing a new International Energy Agency research network | Public (researchers) | Science Direct here |
Workshops & Conferences (including Webinars) in 2025/26
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| June 2025 | Presentation to the ASHRAE 90.1 committee on incorporating occupants | Members only | |
| November 2025 | Users TCP Academy Webinar 62: How engineers think about building occupants | Public | Academy webinar website |
Management/Experts Meetings in 2025/26
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| May 2025 | 2nd Expert Meeting | Policymakers | Online |
| September 2025 | 3rd Expert Meeting | Policymakers | Lausanne, Switzerland |
Collaborations with IEA Secretariat, Other TCP’s or International Organisations in 2025/26
| Conference/Publication | Intended Audience |
| Joint project with EBC TCP (Annex 95) | Online here |
| Close ties to ASHRAE TC7.10 |
Activities Planned for 2026/27
| Date | Conference | Intended Audience | Location |
| March 2026 | 4th Expert Meeting | Online | March 2026 |
| October 2026 | 5th Expert meeting and industry symposium | Buenos Aires, Argentina | October 2026 |
Countries involved: Austria, Australia, Brazil, Canada*, Switzerland, France, South Korea*, Italy, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Sweden*, United Kingdom.
(* these are Users TCP members who have submitted notices of participation to date)
The Task Leaders are the EBC Operating Agents of Annex 95.
Visit the Human-centric Buildings for a Changing Climate Task website here.
The IEA was created in 1974 to help co-ordinate a collective response to major disruptions in the supply of oil. While oil security remains a key aspect of their work, the IEA has evolved and expanded significantly since its foundation.
Taking an all-fuels, all-technology approach, the IEA recommends policies that enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy. It examines the full spectrum issues including renewables, oil, gas and coal supply and demand, energy efficiency, clean energy technologies, electricity systems and markets, access to energy, demand-side management, and much more.
Since 2015, the IEA has opened its doors to major emerging countries to expand its global impact, and deepen cooperation in energy security, data and statistics, energy policy analysis, energy efficiency, and the growing use of clean energy technologies.
The Technology Collaboration Programme supports the work of independent, international groups of experts that enable governments and industries from around the world to lead programmes and projects on a wide range of energy technologies and related issues.
The experts in these collaborations work to advance the research, development and commercialisation of energy technologies. The scope and strategy of each collaboration is in keeping with the IEA Shared Goals of energy security, environmental protection and economic growth, as well as engagement worldwide. The breadth of the analytical expertise in the Technology Collaboration Programme is a unique asset to the global transition to a cleaner energy future.
These collaborations involve over 6 000 experts worldwide who represent nearly 300 public and private organisations located in 55 countries, including many from IEA Association countries such as China, India and Brazil.
In 2022, the Users TCP Behavioural Insights Platform created the Behavioural Insights Toolkit. Devised to help policymakers and and practitioners design energy policies that are fit for purpose from a behavioural standpoint, it provides prompts, case studies, and tailored recommendations to support users in accounting for human behaviour when developing energy policies. Developed over several rounds of feedback involving behavioural science experts and policymakers, the Toolkit helps policy makers consider how people could respond to programmes and increase the likelihood that it will achieve its intended outcome.
Ondřej Kácha, from Task Leaders the Behaviouralist, said: “Well-intended energy programmes can miss their mark when they don’t account for how people make decisions in practice. The Toolkit helps policymakers avoid behavioural blind spots and design initiatives that motivate participation and engagement.”
A year later, the European Commission launched a tender for an EU Forum for Boosting Energy Efficient Behaviour, asking for the development of a new policy support tool for municipalities and regions, making use of the experiences of the Users TCP BI Toolkit.
Fast forward to 2026 and the Energy Behaviour Forum’s Behavioural Insights Toolkit is now a reality! Alice Rayner, who led the development of the Toolkit for the Energy Saving Trust, as part of the consortium delivering the Forum, said: “We kept the logic of the Users TCP Toolkit, adding a new step based around the COM-B model and updating and adapting the examples for the European municipal audience. The Toolkit forms part of a package of support for policy makers and practitioners, which includes case studies of behavioural change projects across Europe, in-depth guidance documents on how to apply behavioural insights, and training courses for those wishing to take their learning to the next level…”
Through multi-sector collaboration, empirical mixed methods research and field pilot insights, the Users TCP’s Hard-to-Reach Energy Users (HTR) Task provides practical insights for policy design and programme implementation. The Task brings together a wide range of participants from central and local government, research and consulting, energy retailers and distributors, and community and frontline organisations, including Indigenous and minority groups, to learn from each other and benefit from international collaboration and expertise.
“Participating in this collaboration has been a valuable way to glean global insights on engaging vulnerable energy users in local program efforts. Energy efficiency program administrators in the United States operate within a variety of diverse regulatory environments, which inform the basis for program design and measuring savings. While energy program interventions may not be directly transplanted from other countries like Sweden or New Zealand for use in the United States without modification, this project has helped American programs identify those transferrable approaches that may be ripe for application or adaptation in their own contexts.”
Kira Ashby, Center for Equity and Energy Behavior (United States)
The Task takes a holistic view of the energy system, through a human-centred lens. Sea Rotmann (Task Leader) explained: “We use socio-ecology and energy justice principles to guide our research and provide insights into how the energy transition can be both clean and just – and leave no one behind. For this reason, we focus on the hardest-to-reach, and “hidden” energy users, especially those living in energy hardship”.
Miranda Struthers (Energy Retailers and Generators of New Zealand) reflected on the value of developing a new initiative, drawing on international collaborative research: “It was a privilege to have the Users TCP Task Leader facilitate and deliver a comprehensive co-design process that brought together over 40 community providers, electricity retailers, and lines companies. Drawing on her strong leadership and international research expertise, Sea guided the development of a community–industry–government partnership concept for an energy network initiative aimed at addressing energy hardship in Aotearoa New Zealand.”
The Hard-to-Reach Energy Users Task is the culmination of over 15 years of research in the TCP on behaviour change, stretching back to Task 24 on behaviour change in Demand Side Management. The work has been central to the development of strong collaborative networks, research methodologies and industry standards, including CSA/ANSI C555:26 – Definitions and minimum requirements for energy behaviour programs.
Carla Nassab from the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) said: “The CSA group benefitted from Task lessons learned and insights. In the standard development, the importance of the target audience and their accessibility / status triggered the inclusion of notes and workarounds when considering Hard-To-Reach audiences.”
Phase 3 of the Task (2023–2026) focuses on how behavioural interventions can unlock residential demand flexibility by increasing the adoption of time-of-use tariffs, demand response programmes and smart energy technologies.
Building on earlier work — including the Behavioural Energy Policy Toolkit and the Demand Flexibility Guidebook — the Task is now conducting large-scale randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in partnership with utilities and regulators. These trials test behavioural strategies such as communication framing, incentives and personalised feedback to understand how households respond to flexibility programmes in real-world conditions.
The trials are being implemented across Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Supported in part by the J-PAL King Climate Action Initiative, the programme aims to generate robust evidence on how behavioural interventions can support energy system flexibility and improve the design of demand-side policies.
Preliminary findings from demand flexibility surveys and experiments
Early results from surveys and field experiments highlight several behavioural insights relevant for policymakers and energy providers.
Together, these findings highlight the importance of programme design, communication strategies and household characteristics in shaping participation in demand flexibility programmes.
Collaboration and knowledge dissemination
In 2025, BIP collaborated with the Energy Saving Trust and provided expert input to the Energy Behaviour Forum, an initiative supporting regional and local policymakers in applying behavioural insights to energy policy. This work builds on the Behavioural Insights Toolkit developed in Phase 2 and helps expand its use across European regional policy contexts.
To consolidate findings from the trials, the Task is currently preparing a new guidebook on behavioural interventions for demand flexibility, summarising results from the field experiments and providing practical recommendations for policymakers and energy providers.
The forthcoming guidebook with trial results will be available to download on the Users TCP website in late May 2026.
In 2025, the Behavioural Insights Platform successfully delivered the full set of five behavioural field trials planned under Phase 3, implemented in partnership with utilities across four participating countries: Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Together, these trials involve more than 700,000 households, representing one of the largest international research programmes testing behavioural demand flexibility interventions in real-world electricity markets. Delivering the full set of planned experiments marks a key milestone for the Task and provides an empirical foundation for the forthcoming Guidebook, which will synthesise results and translate them into practical recommendations for policymakers and energy providers.
Its goal is to better understand how trust in automation is built and maintained among end users across different jurisdictions and cultural contexts. Rather than viewing public responses simply as acceptance or rejection, the Task focuses on the social processes that shape how people come to trust, question, or support automation in energy systems.
To do this, the Task applies a social impact assessment framework to examine a range of interventions used in automated demand-side flexibility projects across several countries. In practical terms, the analysis looks at three key aspects namely; i) what issues are being addressed; ii) which groups of users or publics are being engaged; and iii) what modes of participation are used. By examining these elements, the study identifies the social change processes and their nature as well as social impacts generated by these interventions, and how both contribute to building a social license to automate, understood as public legitimacy, approval, and trust.
The experts in the task have already identified ten different intervention typologies that leads to four different social change processes (e.g. economic, socio-cultural change, empowerment and emancipatory, and organisational and governance) and specific case studies are being brought by the national experts to work on developing policy recommendations. An example is illustrated in Figure 1:
This analysis helps practitioners and policymakers recognize potential gaps or exclusions in current approaches—for example, which concerns may be overlooked, or which groups may not be adequately represented. Being aware of these blind spots is essential to ensure that policies and projects reflect the diverse experiences and needs of different communities. The framework therefore provides a practical tool for policymakers and practitioners to design engagement processes that are transparent, inclusive, fair, and methodologically robust, ultimately helping to build and sustain public trust in automated energy systems.
The Task gathers researchers from the fields of gender and energy into a global network to analyse energy policy and technologies from gender perspectives and to provide recommendations for policy and technology design and implementation. Our aim is to ensure that intersectional perspectives are applied to support participating countries in their efforts to design a more just, efficient, and inclusive energy system, and thereby contribute to ongoing energy transitions.
The policy report summarising phase one of this Task points to five main systemic drivers that perpetuate user exclusion within the energy system:
While these challenges are well-documented, research often struggles to keep pace with the rapid development of energy transition projects worldwide. The dominant energy systems model is rooted in established knowledge systems that frequently exclude diverse perspectives, which can limit innovation. A more inclusive, user-centred approach—tailored to specific socio-political contexts—has shown promising results in a number of cases. However, large-scale statistical validation remains difficult because such approaches are inherently context-specific. This highlights the importance of paying close attention to user realities and local conditions when designing new energy solutions, as well as the need for mixed methods to ensure high-quality research.
The current period of energy transitions presents an opportunity for many countries to design energy systems that are sustainable, equitable, and adaptable. Cross-regional collaboration and engagement with diverse user groups can help integrate technical objectives with local lived experiences. For user inclusion to be effective, however, it must go beyond tokenistic participation. Trust-building requires recognising diverse forms of expertise and maintaining a genuine commitment to just transitions. Addressing funding disparities between social sciences and STEM fields, as well as between high- and low-income countries, is also crucial for fostering interdisciplinary learning and enabling locally grounded solutions.
Finally, policy makers seeking to accelerate climate mitigation efforts—while also addressing intergenerational fairness and biodiversity loss—should not overlook present-day social justice concerns. Ignoring these issues can lead to resistance, lower acceptance of new technologies and policies, and even backlash. Recognising social justice as a central consideration in energy transitions is therefore essential for creating reforms that are both sustainable and broadly supported.
Building on the insights from phase one, four new subtasks have been formed. Subtask 4, The Knowledge Hub Helpdesk, aims to offer the Task’s knowledge bank as a service to other TCPs, supporting cross-TCP collaboration and knowledge exchange.
The overall objective of the Task is to improve the equity of demand-side energy policies and programmes by ensuring that human behaviour is accounted for throughout the co-design process, and (building) trusted relationships with community gatekeepers who are at the frontline, and who are able to help identify, recruit / engage, and/or support the most vulnerable and marginalised energy users.
In Phase 2 of this Task, we pursue two main purposes:
Our policy and programme recommendations and deliverables focus on actionable, practicable interventions, often tested in participatory field research (either as case study analyses, or as pilots co-funded by industry, government or other agencies as part of this Task). Some of our main recommendations to date are:
Phase 2 examines social acceptance and meaningful public engagement in emerging energy technologies, including green hydrogen, carbon capture, storage and utilization (CCUS) and advanced nuclear technologies. While these infrastructures are central to decarbonising energy-intensive sectors, empirical evidence on the acceptance of concrete projects and preferred engagement formats remains limited.
Building on Phase 1 (renewables and grids), Phase 2 uses primary research to identify effective engagement strategies. It aims to: (i) synthesise existing evidence on social acceptance and engagement practices; (ii) compare engagement formats and preferences between renewable and emerging technologies; and (iii) develop best-practice principles for public engagement across energy
infrastructure projects.
Key Results from the Literature Review
The Task completed a literature review of 155 sources on social acceptance and public engagement in hydrogen, carbon capture systems, and advanced nuclear technologies. Key findings include:
Humans play an integral role in building performance and adaptation to climate change across both spatial and temporal scales. People affect the market and design for new buildings, construction practices, and the operation and management of buildings through their life cycle. In a rapidly changing climate, diverse stakeholders hold the key to achieving optimal levels of performance across three dimensions: resilience and adaptability to extreme events; equitable allocation of building space and access to comfortable, healthy spaces; and mitigation of climate change.
This project places humans at the centre of the challenge and treats them as the solution rather than the problem. Building upon the success of Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC) TCP Annexes 66 (2013-18) and 79 (2018-24), this joint project between Users Task and EBC TCP explores the evolving role of humans in the energy transition. As building envelopes and equipment become more efficient, the influence of people on building energy consumption becomes increasingly significant.
The project focuses on four key areas: human-building interactions at the building scale; human-building interactions at the community scale; building design and retrofit; and building operations. The project brings together researchers from engineering, architecture, information technology, psychology,
health sciences, and other fields, while also continuing to strive for highly diverse participation. Key objectives include:
In 2025, the project transitioned from its preparation phase into the working phase, with significant research activities underway across all four subtasks. Two expert meetings were held: an online meeting in May and an in-person meeting in Lausanne, Switzerland in September.
Subtask 1 advanced understanding of occupant behaviour and well-being across cultures. Teams collected adaptive strategy data from seven countries including USA, Brazil, Denmark, France, Hungary, Netherlands, and the UK, and developed standardized protocols for cross-cultural comparison. Work progressed on understanding thermal comfort in transient spaces, with a common definition established and a draft position paper ready to submit. Research on communicating adaptive behaviour through apps and interfaces formed a core group and developed interview protocols.
Subtask 2 made progress on equity and sufficiency concepts. A proposal for a position paper on best practices in participatory energy research was accepted by Building and Environment. A journal article titled “Do Homebuyers Prioritize Sustainability? Examining the GHG Emission Impact of Housing Choices” was published in Building and Environment. Teams identified sufficiency measures across geographical contexts and began developing a framework for energy poverty analysis focused on residential buildings.
Subtask 3 initiated multiple design-focused activities. An opinion paper on multi-stakeholder sustainability collaboration was published. Work began on reviewing computational design support methods for a changing climate and examining how design studios prepare future professionals for human-centric building design. A survey of building design practitioners on decision-making and reflective practice entered final review stages.
Subtask 4 advanced building operations research. A position paper on behaviour nudging for human-centric operations reached an advanced draft stage with journal submission planned. A survey to test building interface usability is well underway and planned for translation into at least 10 languages. Finally, case studies on nudging for window and thermostat use behaviour continued (Activity 4.1.2).
The Knowledge Mobilization Committee established the project’s LinkedIn presence and created a repository mapping members’ involvement with codes and standards committees. Countries involved: Austria, Australia, Brazil, Canada*, Switzerland, France, South Korea*, Italy, Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Sweden*, UK.
*These are countries for which we have a support letter for Users TCP involvement.
This is a joint task with the Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC TCP).
More information on our website here.